CAHİT SITKI TARANCI’S UNDERSTANDING OF POETRY AND ANALYSING OF HIS POEMS THEMED AS “JOY OF LIFE” BASED ON “POEM ANALYSING METHODS”

1940-1950 yılları arasında gelişen Türk edebiyatının en önemli isimlerinden biri olan Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı, 2. Dünya Savaşı'nın izleri eşliğinde bir çocukluk dönemi geçirmiş, Cumhuriyet'in topluma kazandırdıklarına bizzat şahit olmuş ve toplumda yaşanan pozitif yönlü değişmelerden payına düşeni almış önemli bir şairimizdir. Fransız okulunda okuması, bu okula kendini yabancı hissetmesi ve o dönemde Fransız romantiklerini okuyarak kişiliğini şekillendirmesi, onun, içine kapanık, karamsar ve ümitsiz bir karakter kazanmasına sebep olmuştur. Edebiyata ve özellikle şiire olan ilgisi daha çocukluk yaşta başlayan şair, arkadaşı Ziya Osman Saba'nın etkisiyle Fransız şair, Charles Baudelaire'i okumaya başlar ve şiir vadisindeki yerini böylece bulur. Cumhuriyet döneminde ülkede pek çok farklı fikir akımı mevcuttur. Tarancı'nın bu fikir akımlarından etkilenmesi kaçınılmazdır. Yeni lisan anlayışı, Türk tarihine ve bilinç altına yönelme hevesi, tasavvufî yolla Allah'ı arama içgüdüsü, Garip akımı gibi müstakil akımlar, Tarancı'nın tanıştığı ilk fikir akımları ve yönelişler arasındadır. Bu gibi akımların çokluğuna rağmen kendi yolunu bulmayı başaran şair, yazdıklarını evrenselleştirir ve bütün bir insanlığa hitap edebilme yeteneği kazanır. Bunu yapmaktaki amacı, insanlığın eşya ile olan münasebetlerini çözebilme ihtiyacı duymasıdır. Kendini okurlarına karşı sorumlu sayan yazar, geçmişi, bugünü ve geleceği içinde bulunduğu hâlde birleştirmeyi başarmıştır. Bu makalede, önemli şairimiz Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı'nın şiir hakkındaki görüşleri ve şiirlerinin genel yapısı üzerinde durulacak ve yaşama sevinci temalı şiirleri, Prof. Dr. Nurullah Çetin'in Şiir Çözümleme Yöntemi adlı eserine bağlı olarak incelenecektirOne of the most important names of Turkish poetry developed between 1940 - 1950, Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı had a childhood with the traces of Worl War 2, he was an important poet that was a witness of the improvements of the Turkish Republic and received his hare of the positive directional changes in community. Studying at a French school, feeling foreign to this school, reading French Romantics at that time and shaping his personality makes him withdrawn, depressed and hopeless person. Having an interest in literature especially in poetry in his childhood, the poet started reading French poet Charles Baudelaire with effect of his friend Ziya Osman, and he had his own place in the valley of poem. In the Republican Period, the country has many different idea movements and it is inevitable that Tarancı influenced by these movements. New language understanding, enthusiasm for Turkish history and subconscious, searching for God in mystical ways, distinct movements like “Garip” movement are one the first idea movements that Tarancı met. The poet who managed his own way in spite of the multitude of these movements makes his writings universal and gains ability to appeal to entire humanity. New language understanding, enthusiasm for Turkish history and subconscious, searching for God in mystical ways, distinct movements like “Garip” movement are one the first idea movements that Tarancı met. The poet who managed his own way in spite of the multitude of these movements makes his writings universal and gains ability to appeal to entire humanity. The purpose of doing this is the need of analysing the relation between humanity and the things. The writer who assumes himself responsible to his readers succeeded combinig the past, today and the future in his present situation. In this article, one of our important poets Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı’s ideas about poetry and his poems general structure are focesed on and his poems themed as “joy of life” are analysed based on Prof.Dr. Nurullah Çetin’s book “Poem Analysing Methods” One of the most important names of Turkish poetry developed between 1940 - 1950, Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı had a childhood with the traces of World War 2, he was an important poet that was a witness of the improvements of the Turkish Republic and received his hare of the positive directional changes in community. In In 1930, when he was yet 20 years old, he stepped into world of poetry with his poetry named “I’m Leaving” The poet did not reach the success he wanted with his first poems. Studying at a French school, feeling foreign to this school, reading French Romantics at that time and shaping his personality makes him withdrawn, depressed and hopeless person. Having an interest in literature especially in poetry in his childhood, the poet started reading French poet Charles Baudelaire with effect of his friend Ziya Osman, and he had his own place in the valley of poem. In 1946, the Republician People’s Party organised an poem contest and the poet won the first prize with his poem “Age Thirty-Five”. This poem will be associated with him in his coming years. In the Republican Period, the country has many different idea movements and it is inevitable that Tarancı influenced by these movements. New language understanding, enthusiasm for Turkish history and subconscious, searching for God in mystical ways, distinct movements like “Garip” movement are one the first idea movements that Tarancı met. The poet who managed his own way in spite of the multitude of these movements makes his writings universal and gains ability to appeal to entire humanity. The purpose of doing this is the need of analysing the relation between humanity and the things. The writer who assumes himself responsible to his readers succeeded combinig the past, today and the future in his present situation. Tarancı thinks that a poet may choose whatever he wants as a theme for his poems. Aesthetic consciousness required by poetry must be earned. He must have a certain consciousness and must be aware of what he is doing. He shouldn’t be a propagandist of a any political group or ideological movement. Poetry is not a way to serve social purposes. The poet is not the one who lead the way, but the one who shows existing roads and interprets these one by himself. He also learned from the previous masters and has chosen a way for himself. Masters should never be underestimated and their experiences should be followed up. The poet must have a love for poetry. He is expected to put poetry in the most important place of his life, he must see it as a way of life and he must sleep and wake up with it. While creating his poems he must know the rules of the language and thanks to these rules he may play with the words very well. Tarancı look the poetry fort he chants. Poets like Fuzuli, Nedim, Baki are not the pursuit of chants in their poetry, they are a real poet. The main purpose of poet is to be a poet first. Creating a tune does not make anybody a poet. Thus, it can be said that Tarancı accepts Divan poets as the true ones, but how he writes poems? To the question of this topic, “I do not know clearly how I write poems, if I say please do not get surprised. In poetry you never know. While eating or walking on the way a line comes, I guess it is something like Vallary’s line comes from above” he answered. According to Tarancı’s ideas another factor that creates the magic of poetry is sound. By looking the curent meaning of the word alone, the magic of poetry is not caught. The poet who accepts Necip Fazıl, Ahmet Haşim and Yahya Kemal as a master for himself, did not choose to follow the footsteps of Ahmet Haşim in terms of meaning in the poem. Ahmet Kutsi Tecer, Asaf Halet Çelebi, Amet Muhip Dıranas and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar are among the other poets that provide the unity of spirit in poetry. In Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı’s idea, poem was born in need of “living again and again what he live in humanity, prolonging the moment he live and confirming that he lives”. Poem is “ a scream, a hope, a release”. (Onertoy, 2006: 2) Poetry is the art of building beautiful way with words. That’s why a poet should master the vovabulary of the language he used. However, forgetten words in dictionaries shouldn’t be used. İn this aspect poet is seemed very close to “Poetry” movement, but in terms of meter, litearary arts he is far away from Garip movement. It should be mentioned that poet is in the search of a pure structure while he is writing his poems. Despite all this, it must be said that he has created a poem language in his some poems by getting away from language of speech. It should be expressed that Tarancı did not give place social issues in his poems. With the effect of western positivists he accepted life as a “religion” and completely inflenced by it. The reason why he is loved by many people is that. When his “Age Thirty-Five” poem book is analysed, these themes are observed: loneliness (in 7 poems), nostalgia (in 16 poems), longing ( in 4 poems), rebellion against life and current circumstances (in 7 poems), death (in 40 poems), running away (in 10 poems), love for life (in 12 poems), insomnia(in 4 poems), love(in 4 poems), loyalty to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and national virtues (in 3 poems). He has chosen “joy of life” as the most powerful theme for his poems. He was free for themes and has tried to choose everything as subject for his poems. In poet’s idea, the power of creating of a poet should not manipulated in any way, putting borders is not a job for a poet and living is equal to refuting. So he dreams turning back to the first moments of life, meaning womb. In this way, it is cleaned all the problems of life and stay away from the unrest. For the poet, turning back to womb is a way of running away from the current circumstances. Tarancı looks for perfectioness while he is writing his poems. The excellence of the poems in verse, the completeness of language in verse, the word saving and smooth utterance (Korkmaz, 2002: 55) are searched by him. He tries not to use any structure and meter. Because rhythm interrupts the flow of the poem, slows down the pace. The poet has searched new forms in his many poems. He changed his some poems’ name, in some poems he changed sentences and words and in some he uses the same sentence again and again. He selects some important poets’ names as names for his poems. Purpose of the study and analysing questions The purpose of this study is to answer some questions like : “how a great poet like Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı stepped into poetry world, how his ideas about poetry revealed, why he used the theme “joy of life” in his poems so many times, how the analysed context of these poems are” before, so many study were conducted about Tarancı. But in this study, for the first time, his poems themed “joy of life” will be analysed based on “ poem analysing method”. Introducing Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı in a detailed way and based on a specific way proves the need for this study. Conceptual and Theoritical Environment The problem of this study is giving detailed info about Tarancı’s stepping into poetry world, his ideas about poetry, explaining and cathegorising his poems themed “joy of life” based on “Poem Analysing Method” that is a qualified one for analysing poems.Method Literature search is preferred as a technique of getting information in tihs study. This is search like Standard boks, thesis, newsletters and periodic literature search. “poem analysing method” is used for analysing the poems. This method analyses a poem based on it’s subject, theme, idea, event, items, emotion, image and meaning. Indication and Argument When Tarancı’s poems are studied in the way of expressed in “poem analysing method”, it is seen that enthusiasm and happiness of the spring, the power of taking back people happy days in the past, satisfaction of the current circumstances, new hopes about life, beauty of life, need for activity are the general subjects. The existence of nice weather and a lover is the biggest reason for happiness, a person appreciate his circumstance, enjoy his life and always be active are among the themes of the poems. It should be expressed that poet writes mystical and instructive poem when his poems are analysed in way of “idea”. But his any poem cannot be cathegorised as “instructive” or “mystical”. When his poems are analysed in way of “events”, it is seen that events are generally in the pas tor in the present. Events that poet experienced, expressing his current circumstance and his emotions are his patterns of poem. When his poems are analysed in way of “items”, it should be expressed that materialistic or intuitive approach cannot be observed. Poet has a way of inspiration and when he composes his poems in this way, poems are sometimes analysed in a mystical way or they are sometimes analysed in a childish way. It should be expressed that poet writes poems that have subjective images, objective, active, abstract and portrait images are nor preffered in his poems. When poems are analysed in way of “meaning”, it is seen that poet does not choose semantic ways. Purpose of writing poems is not the art of literature. This happens because of the need of poet’s direct social message. Conclusion and Advices Experiencing something helps writing the most useful writings about that. Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı uses his expreinces as subjects for his poems. Reading his poems with the idea that they are some clues about his life is very important. So, it is possible to have real evaluation about the poetship identity of the poe